STAND-ALONE POSTERIOR EXPANDABLE CAGE TECHNIQUE FOR ADJACENT SEGMENT DEGENERATION WITH LUMBAR SPINAL CANAL STENOSIS: A RETROSPECTIVE CASE SERIES

Background and Objectives: Symptomatic adjacent segment degeneration (ASD) with lumbar spinal canal stenosis (LSCS) is a common complication after spinal intervention, particularly interbody fusion.Stand-alone posterior expandable cages enable interbody fusion with preservation of the previous operation site, and screw-related complications are avo

Background: Angiosarcomas are rare tumors that can be difficult to diagnose due to subtle changes in the vascular endothelium.When there is evidence to suggest malignancy, such as a pathologic fracture, further investigation is needed, and a high suspicion for angiosarcoma needs to be present so that appropriate immunohistochemical stains are utili